What is Project Time Management?

Processes to develop a schedule for managing a project do not guarantee timely completion. 4 little known tips to shorten the duration of the project will improve the on-time completion prospects.

1)    Prioritize the tasks.

2)    Have resources work on one task until it’s complete.

3)    Focus on completing the task quickly.

4)    Deadlines kill speed because we only meet them.

To speed up a project, be sure the highest priority tasks get focused attention and get finished. Critical Path tasks are usually the highest priority. Due dates are like deadlines. They tell us how much time we have until we must be done. Forget that! Focus on getting done and you will!

More tips and techniques

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Crash a Schedule

Is crashing a project schedule expensive?

Crashing a project typically involves identifying the Critical Path and finding tasks on it that are affected by adding resources to speed them up. This shortens the duration of the Critical Path. A day less time on the Critical Path is a day less time for the project. Sometimes resources on non-Critical Path activities can be moved to tasks that they can help. Another technique is to do tasks in parallel. Reducing scope is possible with the customer’s agreement. What quickly happens is that it becomes more and more expensive to go faster.

Here is a way to speed up a task that won’t cost anything. Don’t let resources multitask.

If others are putting demands on them, do everything you can to give them as much single-focused time on each task as possible. Multitasking is a huge waster of time. If you have two parallel tasks and alternate between them, each task will take almost twice as long. If you have three tasks, each one will take almost three times as long. Four tasks, four times as long. The best situation is to have people focus their full attention on one task until it’s done. If they are working on critical tasks, do everything you can to protect them from distractions.

You will find that people enjoy not multitasking. They do higher quality work. When priorities are stable, they don’t get jerked around, losing time each time they change what they are working on.

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Can a Project Manager be on top of everything?

I have tried. I would like to be on top of everything. I end up not paying attention to anything. I’m lucky if I can stay within sight. So, when managing a project, I start by looking for the task that is most affecting the overall duration of the project. This is usually the critical path task that is currently in work, or should be in work. I prioritize the tasks this way. It keeps my attention bandwidth from crashing.

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Is Project Planning or Execution more difficult?

The PMBOK seems to speak to planning more than execution. Is that because most PMs know how to execute? Or is it the difficulty of project execution in various industries?

I’ve always believed that any plan is better than no plan. I think I’ll give that up. What I’m now thinking is that a flawed or poor plan may be worse. It may give a false sense of security and a bad direction.

I saw lots of sound reasons for planning to be done well. It’s more political and challenging, sets the strategy and makes execution easier. Poor plan, poor execution, & failure. Better plan, better control of triple constraints. To be a good plan is more difficult than to execute it. A well thought-out plan makes execution easy. There were several recurring themes like these.

A crystal ball would help the planning (forecasting and risks). The plan helps the execution to deal with the unexpected. If you weren’t issued a crystal ball, the planning is much more difficult. Thorough planning can be difficult if there is pressure to begin the project now. There are sayings about “not enough time to do it right, but plenty of time later to do it over.” Those sayings always seem valid.

Then there is the reality that projects have variation. Things change. This doesn’t make the plan invalid.  A plan is only a roadmap. It shows you where you should be going so you can see if you are off track. Sometimes the unknown shows up, and the team must improvise. As a PM your job is to (lead the team) to make it work. I agree. Great insights!

I was very interested in the comments about the PMBOK, that it should reference more tools and techniques in the executing phase.  I think it should address the fundamental approaches to controlling or managing a project. It barely touches the subject.

Now for a little blasphemy. I don’t agree with the common idea that projects in different industries, specialties, or complexities cannot be managed in very similar ways. I take a very basic view of projects. They all have inputs, deliverables, tasks, and resources. They have start dates and commitment dates.

I don’t believe the PM must have knowledge and intuition of the subject matter of the project. It would certainly help, but iIf the PM doesn’t, then he/she must have a subject matter expert to help. One keeps the tasks on track. The other keeps the technical issues under control. It works for construction, aerospace, software, submarine overhauls, pharmaceuticals, governments and small businesses.

Thank you for letting me use your words this way, mixed with my words. I hope they fit well, even the way I crammed them together. I’d like to hear more from you.

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How do you use float to manage projects?

Almost all of the tools we use in project management are for planning, so execution is ignored.

I have written papers and done seminars on tools for project execution.
During execution, first rule of slack is to view it as a resource and do not waste it. The longer you can keep it, the better. Exception to that rule is if the float/slack is on a path that will soon intersect the critical path (or any longer path). In that case, find a use for it.
Second rule then is to be looking for uses of the float. If you can shift it to longer paths to shorten them, that can shorten the project. This can also be used when you are behind schedule to catch up.
Hope this brief intro helps you.
Mark Gershon

Mark, I’m astounded that execution is ignored. Now I’m more curious than ever about how others manage projects.
Skip

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Project Time Management

The Project Management Institute’s Book of Knowledge (PMBOK), Chapter 6, Project Time Management, includes the processes required to manage timely completion of the project. On some smaller projects, the first five processes may be performed as a single process.

These processes are:
Define Activities, Sequence Activity, Estimate Activity Resources, Estimate Activity Durations, Develop Schedule, and Control Schedule.

Project Time Management continues

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Manage or Control the Project

How to manage (not control) a project in execution: I like simple metrics about the health of the project. – How much is the project behind or ahead of schedule?
Is 10 days behind okay? Is 20 days ahead of schedule good? Is it improving?

If needed, I ask three questions of the task manager:
What’s going on?
What are you doing about it?
Do you need any help?

Project Speed

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Project Manager in the Thick of It

For me to be in control of a project, I want to know the overall health of the project. My best indicator is the project expected completion date relative to the commitment date. This is based on the Critical Path remaining duration of the whole project.
Then I focus attention on the current Critical Path task and its successor(s) to see if they need help. (A task feeding into the Critical Path may be the cause of delay.)
Many other things are important.
This is where I start.

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Guestimating Task Durations

For a task that was in my field of experience, one of my estimating techniques was to mentally walk through all the work that would be needed and make an estimate of the task duration, say 1 day. To be safe, I would double it to 2 days. Since someone else would do the work and might not know it as well as I do, I doubled it to 4 days. And, that person probably has other things on his/her plate, double it to 8 days. With Murphy looking over his/her shoulder waiting to “help”, double it again to 16 days. A solid estimate.
It was amazing how the task would take about 16 days. That was very accurate estimating. Or was it?
Was it a 1 day task or a 16 day task? If a person worked diligently and steadily on the task, it probably would take 2 to 4 days. The rest of the estimated duration would be considered safety. Today I would estimate the task at 3 days and have 2 days of safety for the project.
Be careful about safety in the tasks. The additional days added to the estimate were rarely helpful. Do task estimates create deadlines?

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Safety in Projects is for ??

We think we need safety to protect getting tasks done on time. That’s not what we need it for. We need safety to get the project done on time.

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